How does SARS-CoV-2 evade the immune defences?

As most of pathogens, SARS-CoV-2 can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors on innate. Normally, this recognition helps the innate immunity to eliminate the infection or to activate the adaptive immune responses, however, SARS-CoV-2 can use its proteins such as M, N, NSP1 and PLpro to interfere with these pathways.

Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies

How does SARS-CoV-2 evade the immune defences?

Frontiers Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections

Escape Artist Harvard Medical School

Beyond Shielding: The Roles of Glycans in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Study shows how SARS-CoV-2 Omicron evades our immune response and remains infective

The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on modulating innate immunity and strategies of combating inflammatory response for COVID-19 therapy, Journal of Biomedical Science

Coronaviruses hijack lysosomes to exit cells

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern partially escape humoral but not T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent donors and vaccine recipients

Why Viruses Like SARS-CoV-2 Can Reinfect Us, Evade Immune Response - Harvard Catalyst

Information for Persons Who Are Immunocompromised Regarding Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Context of Currently Circulating Omicron Sublineages — United States, January 2023

SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to down-regulate MHC-I surface expression