Race - History, Ideology, Science

Race - History, Ideology, Science: Race as a categorizing term referring to human beings was first used in the English language in the late 16th century. Until the 18th century it had a generalized meaning similar to other classifying terms such as type, sort, or kind. Occasional literature of Shakespeare’s time referred to a “race of saints” or “a race of bishops.” By the 18th century, race was widely used for sorting and ranking the peoples in the English colonies—Europeans who saw themselves as free people, Amerindians who had been conquered, and Africans who were being brought in as slave labour—and this usage continues today.

Historical Foundations of Race National Museum of African

The Disturbing Resilience of Scientific Racism

Taking the Enlightenment seriously requires talking about race.

The Ideological Corruption of Science - WSJ

The Ideology of Racism: Misusing Science to Justify Racial

White is not a colour – white is an ideology, Racism

Race - History, Ideology, Science

The Race for America, R. J. Boutelle

When Ideology Drives Social Science

Social Minorities & Majorities Characteristics & Differences

American Eugenics — University of Minnesota Press

Science and the Ideology of Race

When Did Racism Begin?

Scientific racism - Wikipedia

Scientific racism - Wikipedia