Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 28 junho 2024
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/18/7143/F6.large.jpg)
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) is an important regulator of energy homeostasis, and evidence suggests that MC4-R-expressing neurons are downstream targets of leptin action. MC4-Rs are broadly expressed in the CNS, and the distribution of MC4-R mRNA has been analyzed most extensively in the rat. However, relatively little is known concerning chemical profiles of MC4-R-expressing neurons. The extent to which central melanocortins act presynaptically or postsynaptically on MC4-Rs is also unknown. To address these issues, we have generated a transgenic mouse line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the MC4-R promoter, using a modified bacterial artificial chromosome. We have confirmed that the CNS distribution of GFP-producing cells is identical to that of MC4-R mRNA in wild-type mice and that nearly all GFP-producing cells coexpress MC4-R mRNA. For example, cells coexpressing GFP and MC4-R mRNA were distributed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). MC4-R promotor-driven GFP expression was found in PVH cells producing thyrotropin-releasing hormone and in cholinergic DMV cells. Finally, we have observed that a synthetic MC3/4-R agonist, MT-II, depolarizes some GFP-expressing cells, suggesting that MC4-Rs function postsynaptically in some instances and may function presynaptically in others. These studies extend our knowledge of the distribution and function of the MC4-R. The transgenic mouse line should be useful for future studies on the role of melanocortin signaling in regulating feeding behavior and autonomic homeostasis.
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://www.mdpi.com/biomedicines/biomedicines-11-00499/article_deploy/html/images/biomedicines-11-00499-g001.png)
Biomedicines, Free Full-Text
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0021925820318044-gr10.jpg)
The stimulatory G protein Gsα is required in melanocortin 4
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/feb02f24-9b7e-407b-9ab8-4a76ba256a70/mfig004.jpg)
Journal of Comparative Neurology Systems Neuroscience Journal
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13619-021-00081-9/MediaObjects/13619_2021_81_Fig7_HTML.png)
Activation of the Melanocortin-4 receptor signaling by α-MSH
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://www.cell.com/cms/attachment/dc8edbd8-eaf4-4566-9842-e646676326ec/gr5.jpg)
Divergence of Melanocortin Pathways in the Control of Food Intake
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-24-14478/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-24-14478-g002.png?1695545785)
IJMS, Free Full-Text
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/18/7143/F6.large.jpg)
Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/33/2/464/F5.large.jpg)
Melanocortin-4 Receptor Regulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41593-021-00854-0/MediaObjects/41593_2021_854_Fig1_HTML.png)
Functionally distinct POMC-expressing neuron subpopulations in
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/23/18/7143/F1.large.jpg)
Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13619-021-00081-9/MediaObjects/13619_2021_81_Fig1_HTML.png)
Activation of the Melanocortin-4 receptor signaling by α-MSH
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236741027/figure/fig6/AS:299410606051337@1448396459883/AgRP-neuronal-expression-of-GFP-directed-by-1-kb-AgRP-promoter-in-transgenic-mice-A.png)
AgRP neuronal expression of GFP directed by 1-kb AgRP promoter in
![Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/2618a673-0897-41c6-ab8a-6303d0225d45/mfig006.jpg)
Journal of Comparative Neurology Systems Neuroscience Journal
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